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A company town is a place where practically all stores and housing are owned by the one company that is the only employer. The company provides infrastructure (housing, stores, transportation, sewage and water) to enable workers to move there and live. Typically, such towns are founded in a remote location, so that residents cannot easily commute or shop elsewhere. Sometimes after a period of time the town attracts non-company residents, relatives and small business entrepreneurs, and people with other employment, such as railroad or highway employees. The original company may sell off the housing. Company towns are often planned with a suite of amenities such as stores, churches, schools, markets and recreation facilities. In fast-growing remote areas companies planned housing to support the business' needs, and then hired workers to build an infrastructure and more workers to staff the business needs. Historian Linda Carlson argues that the managers of corporate towns in the early 20th century believed they could avoid the mistakes made by George Pullman in the 1880s. She says they: :wanted to create a better life for their employees: decent housing, good schools, and a "morally uplifting" society. In return, they expected stable, hard-working employees who would eschew the evils of drink and, most important, not fall prey to the blandishments of union organizers.〔Linda Carlson, ''Company towns of the Pacific Northwest'' (U. of Washington Press, 2014) p. 190.〕 ==Overview== Traditional settings for company towns were where extractive industries — coal, metal mines, lumber — had established a monopoly franchise. Dam sites and war-industry camps founded other company towns. Since company stores often had a monopoly in company towns, it was possible to pay in scrip through a truck system. In the Soviet Union there were several cities of nuclear scientists (''atomicals'') known as atomgrad, particularly in the Ukraine those were Prypiat, Kuznetsovsk, Yuzhnoukrainsk among others. Typically, a company town is isolated from neighbors and centered on a large production factory, such as a lumber or steel mill or an automobile plant; and the citizens of the town either work in the factory, work in one of the smaller businesses, or is a family member of someone who does. The company may also donate a church building to a local congregation, operate parks, host cultural events such as concerts, and so on. If the owning company cuts back or goes out of business, the economic effect on the company town is devastating, as people move to jobs elsewhere. Company towns often become regular public cities and towns as they grow and attract other settlement, business enterprises, and pool transportation and services infrastructure. Other times, a town may not officially be a company town, but it may be a town where the majority of citizens are employed by a single company, thus creating a similar situation to a company town (especially in regard to the town's economy). Further, such dependencies extend to neighborhoods and regions of larger cities. In each case, if the primary company falls on lean times, fails outright or the industry fades in importance (as what happened to steam locomotive support rail yards and with Anthracite mining industries which depended on steam locomotives spurring demands) as is the way of societies over time, the communities contract and lose property value and then population as people move to find work elsewhere, and the youth of the community bears the children of their generation in another demographic region. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「company town」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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